Mining is generally done in one of two ways: open-pit or underground:

A) Open pit mining

Open-pit mining, also known as opencast mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts minerals from an open pit in the ground. Open-pit mining is the most common method used throughout the world for mineral mining and does not require extractive methods or tunnels.

B) Underground excava

Underground excavation’ refers to the process of creating horizontal and vertical tunnels in underground mines to extract minerals such as gold, while minimizing waste volumes.

a- Extraction using extraction tunnels

This method is used in cases where the mine is topographically mountainous and has high hills and has the necessary personnel to dig tunnels. In this case, suitable extraction tunnels are dug at different horizons. If there are exploration tunnels inside the mineral material and they are suitable for selection in the mining extraction plan, while widening the tunnels and taking steps to maintain them, these tunnels are used as extraction tunnels.

b- Extraction using extraction wells

This method is used in cases where the mine is not topographically such that it is possible to use mining tunnels to extract the mineral. For example, when the desired reserves are located underground in a flat area, and also when the reserves of that part of the mine that was located in the high areas have been extracted and it is time to reach the reserves below the horizon of the mining tunnels. In these cases, vertical and diagonal wells are used.